Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwibisekuru bya lazeri ngufi, hari ubwoko butatu bwa lazeri ngufi, ni ukuvuga lazeri ya semiconductor, fibre fibre na lazeri ikomeye.Muri byo, lazeri-ikomeye irashobora kugabanywamo ibice bikomeye-bishingiye kuri optique idafite umurongo wa optique idafite umurongo hamwe na lazeri-ikomeye itanga ibyuma bito bito bito bituruka ku bikoresho bikora.
Lazeri ya Semiconductor ikoresha ibikoresho bya semiconductor nkibikoresho byakazi bya laser, kandi uburebure bwa laser bwumurongo bugenwa nu cyuho cyibikoresho bya semiconductor.Hamwe niterambere ryibikoresho siyanse, imirongo yingufu yibikoresho bya semiconductor irashobora guhuzwa nurwego runini rwumurambararo wa laser binyuze mumashanyarazi yingufu.Kubwibyo, uburebure bwimyanya myinshi ya infragre lazeri irashobora kuboneka hamwe na lazeri ya semiconductor.
asanzwe laser ikora ibikoresho bya short-wave infrared semiconductor laser nibikoresho bya fosifore.Kurugero, indium fosifike semiconductor laser ifite ubunini bwa aperture ingana na 95 mm ifite ibisohoka bya laser yumurambararo wa 1.55 mm na 1,625 mm, kandi imbaraga zigeze kuri 1.5 W.
Fibre laser ikoresha fibre idasanzwe-yisi-yuzuye ibirahuri nkibikoresho bya laser hamwe na semiconductor laser nkisoko ya pompe.Ifite ibintu byiza cyane nkibipimo ntarengwa, uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu neza, umusaruro mwiza wibiti byiza, imiterere yoroshye, kandi byizewe cyane.Irashobora kandi kwifashisha umurongo mugari wimirasire yisi idasanzwe kugirango ikore lazeri ya fibre ihindagurika wongeyeho ibintu byatoranijwe neza nko gushimisha muri laser resonator.Lazeri ya fibre yabaye icyerekezo cyingenzi mugutezimbere tekinoroji ya laser.
1.Icyuma gikomeye
Laser ikomeye-yunguka itangazamakuru rishobora kubyara mu buryo butaziguye imirasire ngufi ya lazeri cyane cyane Er: YAG kristu na ceramika, hamwe nikirahuri cya Er-doped.Lazeri ikomeye-ishingiye kuri Er: YAG kristal na ceramics irashobora gusohora mu buryo butaziguye 1.645μm ya metero ngufi ya infragre lazeri, ikaba ari ahantu hashyushye mubushakashatsi bwakozwe na lazeri ngufi ya infragre mu myaka yashize [3-5].Kugeza ubu, ingufu za pulse ya Er: YAG laseri ukoresheje electro-optique cyangwa acousto-optique Q-guhinduranya yageze kuri mJ kugeza kuri mirongo mJ, ubugari bwimpiswi ya ns mirongo, hamwe ninshuro zisubiramo inshuro icumi kugeza kubihumbi Hz.Niba 1.532 μm semiconductor laser ikoreshwa nkisoko ya pompe, Bizaba bifite inyungu nini mubijyanye na laser ikora ubushakashatsi hamwe na laser yo kurwanya, cyane cyane ingaruka zayo yibikoresho kubikoresho bisanzwe byo kuburira laser.
Er ikirahure laser ifite imiterere yoroheje, igiciro gito, uburemere bworoshye, kandi irashobora kumenya Q-yahinduye imikorere.Nisoko yumucyo watoranijwe kugirango igaragaze neza ya lazeri ngufi.Nyamara, kubera amakosa ane y'ibikoresho by'ikirahuri cya Er: Icya mbere, uburebure bwo hagati bwumurongo wa spécran ni 940 nm cyangwa 976 nm, bigatuma kuvoma amatara bigoye kubigeraho;Icya kabiri, gutegura ibikoresho bya Er ibirahure biragoye kandi ntabwo byoroshye gukora ubunini bunini;Icya gatatu, Er ikirahuri Ibikoresho bifite imiterere yubushyuhe, kandi ntabwo byoroshye kugera kubikorwa byinshuro zisubiramo igihe kirekire, kereka niba bikomeza gukora;kane, nta bikoresho Q-bihindura ibikoresho.Nubwo ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na lazeri ngufi ya lazeri ishingiye kuri Er ikirahure cyahoraga gikurura abantu, kubera impamvu enye zavuzwe haruguru, nta bicuruzwa byasohotse.Kugeza mu 1990, hamwe no kuvuka kwa semiconductor laser bar ifite uburebure bwa 940 nm na 980 nm, no kuvuka kwibikoresho byinjira byuzuye nka Co2 +: MgAl2O4 (cobalt-dope magnesium aluminate), inzitizi ebyiri zingenzi zituruka kumasoko ya pompe na Q-guhinduranya baravunitse.Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe ibirahuri byateye imbere byihuse.By'umwihariko mu myaka yashize, igihugu cyanjye cya miniature Er ikirahure cya laser module, ihuza isoko ya pompe ya semiconductor, Er ikirahure na resonant cavity, ipima hejuru ya g 10, kandi ifite ubushobozi buke bwo gukora amashanyarazi angana na 50 kW amashanyarazi.Ariko, kubera imikorere mibi yubushyuhe bwibikoresho bya Er ikirahure, inshuro zisubiramo za laser module iracyari hasi.Umuyoboro wa laser ya 50 kW module ni 5 Hz gusa, naho laser ntarengwa ya 20 kW module ni 10 Hz, ishobora gukoreshwa gusa mubisabwa bike.
1.064 μm laser isohoka na Nd: YAG pulsed laser ifite imbaraga zingana na megawatts.Iyo urumuri rukomeye ruhuye runyuze mubikoresho bimwe bidasanzwe, fotone yarwo ikwirakwira kuburyo budasanzwe kuri molekile yibikoresho, ni ukuvuga ko fotone iba yinjiye kandi ikabyara fotone nkeya.Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwibintu bishobora kugera kuri iyi ngaruka yo guhindura inshuro: imwe ni kristu idafite umurongo, nka KTP, LiNbO3, nibindi.;ikindi ni gaze yumuvuduko mwinshi nka H2.Shyira mu cyuho cya optique kugirango ube oscillator optique (OPO).
OPO ishingiye kuri gaze yumuvuduko mwinshi mubisanzwe yerekeza kuri Raman ikangurwa ikwirakwiza urumuri rwa parametric oscillator.Itara rya pompe ryinjijwe igice kandi ritanga urumuri ruke rwumucyo.Lazeri ikuze ya Raman ikoresha lazeri 1.064 mkm kugirango ivomye gaze yumuvuduko mwinshi H2 kugirango ibone 1.54 μ mm ya lazeri ngufi ya infragre.
Ishusho 1
Ubusanzwe porogaramu ya shortwave infrared GV sisitemu ni intera ndende yerekana amashusho nijoro.Lazeri yamurika igomba kuba ngufi-pulse ngufi-ya-infragre ya lazeri ifite imbaraga zo hejuru cyane, kandi inshuro zisubiramo zigomba kuba zihuza numurongo wa kamera ya kamera.Ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze ubu bya lazeri ngufi ya infragre yimbere mugihugu ndetse no hanze yarwo, pompe ya diode Er: YAG laseri na OPO ishingiye kuri 1.57 μm ikomeye-ya lazeri ni amahitamo meza.Gusubiramo inshuro nyinshi nimbaraga za miniature Er ikirahure laser iracyakeneye kunozwa.3.Gukoresha lazeri ngufi ya infragre lazeri mumafoto yo kurwanya anti-renaissance
Intangiriro yibikoresho bigufi bya lazeri anti-renaissance ni ukurasa ibikoresho byumwanzi wa optoelectronic yubushakashatsi bukorera mumurongo mugufi wa infragre ya infragre hamwe na lazeri ngufi ya lazeri, kugirango ibashe kubona amakuru yibeshya cyangwa idashobora gukora mubisanzwe, cyangwa ndetse icyuma cyangiritse.Hariho uburyo bubiri busanzwe bugufi bwumurongo wa lazeri anti-renaissance, aribwo buryo bwo kubeshya intera ibangamira ijisho ryumuntu ryirinda amaso hamwe no guhagarika kwangirika kuri kamera ngufi ya infragre.
1.1 Kubeshya intera kubangamira umutekano wamaso yumuntu laser rangefinder
Impanuka ya laser rangefinder ihindura intera iri hagati yintego nintego mugihe cyigihe cya laser pulse igenda isubira inyuma hagati yo gutangiza intego.Niba indangururamajwi yakira izindi laser pulses mbere yerekana ibimenyetso byerekana echo yintego igeze aho itangirira, bizahagarika igihe, kandi intera ihinduwe ntabwo ari intera nyayo yintego, ariko ni ntoya kuruta intera nyayo yintego.Intera itari yo, igera ku ntego yo kubeshya intera ya interineti.Kubireba amaso ya laser rangefinders, bigufi-ya-infragre pulse laseri yuburebure bumwe burashobora gukoreshwa mugushira mubikorwa intera yo kubeshya.
Lazeri ishyira mubikorwa intera yo kubeshya intera igereranya ikwirakwizwa ryerekana intego kuri lazeri, imbaraga za laser rero ni nkeya cyane, ariko hagomba kubahirizwa ibintu bibiri bikurikira:
1) Uburebure bwa lazeri bugomba kuba bumeze nkuburebure bwumurongo wumurongo wa interineti.Akayunguruzo kayunguruzo gashyizwe imbere yumurongo wa interineti, kandi umurongo mugari ni muto.Lazeri ifite uburebure bwumurongo usibye uburebure bwumurongo wakazi ntibushobora kugera kumafoto yunvikana ya detector.Ndetse na 1.54 μm na 1.57 μm laseri ifite uburebure busa ntibishobora kubangamirana.
2) Inshuro zisubiramo laser zigomba kuba ndende bihagije.Ikirangantego cyitumanaho gisubiza ibimenyetso bya laser bigera hejuru yifoto yunvikana gusa iyo intera yapimwe.Kugirango ugere kubuvanganzo bunoze, impiswi yo guhagarika igomba nibura kunyerera mumirongo yumurongo wa 2 kugeza 3.Irembo ryurugero rushobora kugerwaho kurubu ruri kuri gahunda ya μs, bityo lazeri yivanga igomba kugira inshuro nyinshi zisubiramo.Ufashe intera igenewe kilometero 3 nkurugero, igihe gisabwa kugirango laser isubire inyuma rimwe ni 20 μs.Niba byibuze pulses 2 zinjiye, inshuro zisubiramo laser zigomba kugera kuri 50 kHz.Niba intera ntoya ya laser rangefinder ari m 300, inshuro zisubiramo za jammer ntishobora kuba munsi ya 500 kHz.Gusa ibyuma bya semiconductor na fibre lazeri birashobora kugera ku gipimo cyo hejuru cyo gusubiramo.
1.2 Kwivanga gukabije no kwangirika kuri kamera ngufi ya infragre
Nka shingiro ryibanze rya sisitemu ngufi yerekana amashusho, kamera ngufi ya infragre ya kamera ifite imbaraga zingana zo gusubiza imbaraga za optique ya InGaAs yibanze yindege.Niba ibyabaye imbaraga za optique zirenze urugero rwo hejuru rwurwego rugaragara, kwiyuzuzamo bizabaho, kandi detector ntishobora gukora amashusho asanzwe.Imbaraga zisumba Lazeri zizatera ibyangiritse burundu.
Imbaraga zikomeza kandi ntoya ya semiconductor lazeri hamwe na fibre ya fibre hamwe ninshuro nyinshi zisubiramo birakwiriye guhagarikwa guhagarika imiyoboro ya kamera ngufi ya infragre.Gukomeza kurasa kamera ngufi ya infragre kamera na laser.Bitewe ningaruka nini yo gukuza ya lens optique, agace kageze kuri lazeri ikwirakwizwa ku ndege yibanze ya InGaAs iruzuye cyane, bityo ntishobora kwerekanwa bisanzwe.Gusa nyuma ya laser irrasiyo ihagaritswe mugihe runaka, imikorere yo gufata amashusho irashobora gusubira mubisanzwe.
Ukurikije ibyavuye mu myaka myinshi yubushakashatsi no guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bikora byo kurwanya laser mu bikoresho bigaragara kandi byegeranye na infrarafarike hamwe n’ibizamini byinshi byangiza umurima, gusa lazeri ngufi zifite imbaraga zingana na megawatt na hejuru zishobora guteza ibyangiritse bidasubirwaho kuri TV kamera ku ntera ya kilometero.ibyangiritse.Niba ingaruka zangiritse zishobora kugerwaho, imbaraga za laser nurufunguzo.Mugihe cyose imbaraga zimpinga zirenze igipimo cyangiritse, impiswi imwe irashobora kwangiza detector.Ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera cya laser, gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe no gukoresha ingufu, inshuro zisubiramo za lazeri ntabwo byanze bikunze bigomba kugera ku gipimo cya kamera cyangwa hejuru, kandi 10 Hz kugeza 20 Hz birashobora guhura nibisabwa kurugamba.Mubisanzwe, kamera ya shortwave ya infragre ntisanzwe.
InGaAs yibikoresho byindege zirimo ibisasu bya elegitoronike CCDs bishingiye kuri InGaAs / InP electron yimuka ya Photocathodes na CMOS nyuma ikorwa.Kwuzura kwabo no kwangirika kurwego biri murwego rwubunini nka Si-CCD / CMOS, ariko InGaAs / InP zishingiye kuri InP ntizaboneka.Kwuzura no kwangiza amakuru ntarengwa ya CCD / COMS.
Ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze muri iki gihe cya lazeri ya infrarafarike mugihugu ndetse no hanze yarwo, 1.57 μm zisubiramo inshuro nyinshi laser-reta ya lazeri ishingiye kuri OPO iracyahitamo neza kwangirika kwa lazeri kuri CCD / COMS.Igikorwa cyacyo cyo hejuru cyane cyo mu kirere hamwe nimbaraga zo hejuru zidafite imbaraga za laser laser Umucyo utwikiriye kandi urumuri rukomeye rugaragara kubububasha bworoshye bwo kwica bworoshye bwa sisitemu ndende ya optoelectronic ifite ibyuma bifata kamera bigufi.
2 .Umwanzuro
Imirasire ngufi ya infragre lazeri ifite uburebure buri hagati ya 1,1 mm na 1,7 mm ifite uburyo bwo kohereza ikirere hamwe nubushobozi bukomeye bwo kwinjira mu gihu, imvura, shelegi, umwotsi, umucanga n ivumbi.Ntibigaragara kubikoresho gakondo byoroheje-byoroheje ibikoresho byo kureba.Lazeri iri muri 1,4 mkm kugeza kuri 1,6 mkm ifite umutekano ku jisho ryumuntu, kandi ifite ibintu byihariye nka disiketi ikuze ifite uburebure bwikigereranyo bwikigereranyo muri uru rwego, kandi ibaye icyerekezo cyingenzi cyiterambere mubikorwa bya gisirikare bya laser.
Uru rupapuro rusesengura imiterere ya tekiniki hamwe nuburyo bugezweho bwa lazeri enye zisanzwe zigufi, zirimo fosifori semiconductor laseri, Er-doped fibre lazeri, Er-doped ikomeye-ya lazeri, hamwe na OPO ishingiye kuri lazeri ikomeye, kandi ivuga muri make imikoreshereze. muri ziriya lazeri ngufi ya infragre lazeri mumafoto yubushakashatsi bukora.Porogaramu zisanzwe mukurwanya gushakisha.
1.Gusubiramo cyane bigufi-pulse ya fosifori ya semiconductor na lazeri ya Er-doped fibre nazo ni isoko yumucyo utanga sisitemu nyinshi zumutekano wamaso aringaniye, laser scanning imaging radar hamwe numutekano wamaso laser intera intera intera yibeshya.
) uburyo bwa gakondo kure yumuntu amaso Umutekano laser iringaniye.
3) Miniature Er ikirahure cya laser nimwe mubyerekezo byihuta byiterambere byihuta-ya-infragre lazeri mumyaka yashize.Imbaraga zubu no gusubiramo inshuro zishobora gukoreshwa muri miniature eye eye safety laser rangefinders.Igihe nikigera, imbaraga zimpinga zimaze kugera kurwego rwa megawatt, irashobora gukoreshwa mumashusho yerekana amashusho ya radar, kwitegereza lazeri, no kwangirika kwa lazeri kuri kamera ntoya ya infragre.
4.Ifite imbaraga zikomeye zo gukoresha muri flash lidar, intera ndende ya laser yo kwitegereza nijoro, no kwangiza laser.
Mu myaka yashize, nkuko sisitemu yintwaro ifite ibisabwa byinshi kandi byisumbuyeho kugirango hinjizwemo sisitemu ya optoelectronic, ibikoresho bito kandi byoroheje bya laser byabaye inzira byanze bikunze mugutezimbere ibikoresho bya laser.Amashanyarazi ya Semiconductor, laseri ya fibre na miniature lazeri ifite ubunini buto, uburemere bworoheje hamwe nogukoresha ingufu nkeya Er ibirahuri byahindutse icyerekezo nyamukuru cyiterambere ryiterambere rya lazeri ngufi.By'umwihariko, fibre ya fibre ifite ubuziranenge bwibiti bifite imbaraga nyinshi zo gukoresha mugihe cyo kumurika nijoro nijoro, kugenzura ubujura no kugamije, gusikana amashusho ya lidar, no guhagarika laser.Nyamara, imbaraga / ingufu zubwoko butatu bwa lazeri ntoya kandi yoroheje muri rusange ni mike, kandi irashobora gukoreshwa gusa mubikorwa bimwe na bimwe bigufi byo gushakisha, kandi ntibishobora guhaza ibikenewe byo gushakisha intera ndende no guhangana nubushakashatsi.Kubwibyo, intumbero yiterambere ni ukongera imbaraga za laser / ingufu.
OPO ishingiye kuri lazeri-ikomeye ifite ubuziranenge bwiza kandi ifite imbaraga zo hejuru, kandi ibyiza byabo mukurebera kure intera ndende, flash imaging radar hamwe no kwangirika kwa lazeri biracyagaragara cyane, kandi ingufu za lazeri zisohoka hamwe na laser yo gusubiramo inshuro nyinshi .Kuri diode-pompe Er: YAG laseri, niba ingufu za pulse ziyongereye mugihe ubugari bwimisemburo irushijeho gukandamizwa, bizahinduka inzira nziza ya OPO ikomeye-leta.Ifite ibyiza byo kurebera kure, kureba amashusho ya flash, no kwangiza laser.Ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gusaba.
Ibisobanuro byinshi byibicuruzwa, urashobora kuza gusura urubuga rwacu:
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Kuvugurura Igihe: Werurwe-02-2022
